3D Groundmodel Neder-Betuwe levee reinforcement project in the Netherlands-Paper

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The Neder-Betuwe levee reinforcement project developed a continuous 3D ground model, or digital twin, for a 20-kilometre stretch of levee in the Netherlands. Built in LeapFrog Works, the model combines 1,265 CPTs and boreholes with electrical resistivity data and historical as-built drawings. Geotechnical experts interpreted 8,343 soil-layer observations to define seven subsurface layers. Automated interpolation can be updated as new investigation data becomes available, while Python scripts link the model to other engineering software.<br /><br />The model supports detailed design and risk assessment. Cross-sections generated at 10-metre intervals were used for 50-year settlement calculations, with results interpolated into spatial surfaces to assess settlement, road rotation and residual movement. It also supported heave and uplift analyses, including calculations across the full levee area to help locate 10.9 kilometres of sheet-pile walls. For slope stability design, model sections were exported to PLAXIS and used to assess wall lengths, types and anchors.<br /><br />Combining geophysical data and historical drawings improved understanding of sand layers within the levee and revealed sand drains that could potentially be reused. This informed material-reuse strategies that reportedly reduced CO₂-equivalent emissions by 97.5%.<br /><br />Overall, the digital twin improved the consistency, efficiency and precision of geotechnical analysis and design. It enabled more informed reinforcement decisions and contributed to safer, more sustainable flood-protection infrastructure.

Keywords

Neder-Betuwe

levee reinforcement

digital twin

3D ground model

geotechnical analysis

settlement calculations

slope stability

PLAXIS

electrical resistivity

sustainable flood protection