From Data to Action: Using Testing to Address MWD-Identified Deviations in Rigid Inclusion Installation-Paper

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Rigid inclusions (RIs) are increasingly used to control settlement, but quality control during installation remains an important challenge. Measurement While Drilling (MWD) data can flag deviations—such as unexpectedly rapid penetration, loss of grout pressure, or departures from grouting procedures—but these signals do not necessarily mean an element will perform poorly.<br /><br />The paper recommends interpreting MWD results alongside site-specific calibration, field observations, and supplemental testing. ASIRI Quality Tests (AQTs) apply a controlled axial load to a production inclusion and assess its load–settlement behavior. Thermal Integrity Profiling (TIP) measures heat generated during cement hydration to help identify changes in element geometry or potential defects. Together, these methods can distinguish genuine quality problems from harmless installation anomalies and help avoid unnecessary replacement.<br /><br />A Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, project illustrates the approach. The site had variable soils, uncontrolled fill, steel-mill debris, and potential voids. A predrilling and calibration program established installation criteria and documented local conditions. TIP was used to check the geometry of an element installed in an area with nested brick; results indicated adequate dimensions despite the risk of grout loss.<br /><br />During production, some inclusions showed grout-pressure loss or faster-than-expected penetration in weathered rock. The contractor checked grout returns, volumes, pull speeds, and minimum overbreak, replacing elements that failed specified criteria. Because replacement was difficult and costly, two representative elements with notable MWD deviations were tested using AQTs. Both supported the design load without excessive deflection. Their results supported accepting other elements with similar installation records without further testing or remediation.<br /><br />The project demonstrates that MWD is most useful as part of a broader, site-specific quality program. Combining installation data with targeted testing can verify performance, reduce rework, and save time and cost in challenging ground conditions.

Keywords

Rigid inclusions

Measurement While Drilling

quality control

installation monitoring

grout pressure

site-specific calibration

Thermal Integrity Profiling

ASIRI Quality Tests

load-settlement behavior

ground improvement