Abstract:
Ensuring adequate embedment against overturning is a critical consideration in the design of embedded cantilever walls. Traditionally, stability is assessed using a factor of safety (FoS), defined as the ratio of restoring moment to design overturning moment, with these moments commonly attributed to the excavation and retained sides. However, a more rigorous reinterpretation, grounded in engineering design principles, suggests an alternative approach that enhances design accuracy.
A consolidated earth pressure model (Yuen 2019) was initially developed based on limit equilibrium conditions for propped cantilever walls and later extended (Yuen & Liew 2023) to free cantilever walls, eliminating the need for separate free and fixed models for different wall support configurations. While embedment design for propped walls follows a straightforward application of the model, free cantilever walls present additional complexity due to a stress reversal occurring below excavation level.
This paper revisits the development of the consolidated earth pressure model, reinforcing its theoretical basis within well-established engineering principles. It further introduces a refined approach for embedment design of free cantilever walls, with particular reference to the Australian Standard AS 5100.3 Bridge Design – Foundation and Soil-Supporting Structures, offering a more unified methodology for stability assessment.
Keywords: Embedded retaining wall, free cantilever wall, propped cantilever wall, geotechnical stability calculation, Australian Standard AS 5100.3